Modern research on moxibustion is a genuine but modest body of work. Systematic reviews in this area repeatedly note the same limitations: small sample sizes, difficulty blinding participants and practitioners, and wide variation in how moxibustion is applied and for how long.
That combination means results are hard to pool, and reviews often conclude that evidence is insufficient rather than that moxibustion works or does not work. Where benefits are reported, they are typically described as short-term, with few studies following people for long periods.
There is also a safety literature. Moxa smoke is a combustion product and irritates the airway; burns and blistering are reported, particularly where sensation is reduced or where the person cannot report pain. Anyone with asthma or lung disease should treat smoke exposure as a real consideration.
关于艾灸的现代研究确实存在，但体量有限。该领域的系统评价反复指出同样的局限：样本量小、对受试者与操作者都难以设盲，以及艾灸的做法与时长差异很大。
这些因素叠加，导致结果难以合并，评价的常见结论是「证据不足」，而不是「有效」或「无效」。在报告有获益的研究中，通常也只是短期效果，长期随访的研究很少。
另有一批安全文献：艾烟属燃烧产物，刺激气道；也有烧伤与水疱的报告，尤其见于感觉减退或无法表达疼痛的人。哮喘或肺部疾病者，应把烟雾暴露当作真实需要考虑的问题。
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